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ABSTRACT With an estimated approximately 2 million deaths per year, diabetes is one of the top 5 deadliest noncommunicable diseases globally. Although this disease is not fatal, the degradation of the patient's health due to a bad plan to control their glucose levels can have a fatal outcome. In order to lay the foundations for the development of a device that allows estimating glucose levels in some body fluid, we present the results obtained not only for the estimation of glucose in deionized water, but also describe the development and configuration of the created device. After analyzing 50 signals obtained from 5 different glucose concentrations, the feasibility of using the developed device for the analysis is evident, since, considering the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, all the signals were associated correctly to the glucose group to which they belong.
RESUMEN Con un estimado de aproximadamente 2 millones de muertes por año, la diabetes es una de las 5 enfermedades no transmisibles más mortales a nivel mundial. Aunque esta enfermedad no es mortal, el deterioro de la salud del paciente por un mal plan para controlar sus niveles de glucosa puede tener un desenlace fatal. Con el fin de sentar las bases para el desarrollo de un dispositivo que permita estimar los niveles de glucosa en algún fluido corporal, presentamos los resultados obtenidos no solo para la estimación de glucosa en agua desionizada, sino que también describimos el desarrollo y configuración del dispositivo creado. Luego de analizar 50 señales obtenidos a partir de 5 concentraciones de glucosa diferentes, se evidencia la factibilidad de utilizar el dispositivo desarrollado para el análisis, ya que, considerando el algoritmo K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), todas las señales se asociaron correctamente al grupo de glucosa al que pertenecen.
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RESUMEN El uso de fermentadores es común en diversos procesos biotecnológicos. Actualmente, un fermentador o biorreactor tiene la capacidad de monitorear variables físicas y químicas las cuales son mostradas al operador por medio de una pantalla. Aunado a los materiales de construcción de un biorreactor, hoy en día su adquisición es costosa e inaccesible para fines educativos y de investigación. Para abordar esta problemática, se diseñó y desarrolló la interfaz Fermenta V1.0. orientada a la simulación de un bioproceso realizado por un fermentador, para realizarla se utilizó una pantalla táctil Nextion y Arduino UNO; para su programación, se implementaron los entornos de desarrollo integrados apropiados. La interfaz fue capaz de emular diferentes dispositivos electrónicos como sensores, válvulas solenoides, bombas peristálticas, iluminación y agitación. En esta primera etapa, se establece el punto de partida para facilitar el acoplamiento de la interfaz Fermenta V1.0 con diversos sensores orientados al monitoreo de un fermentador. Con la incorporación de los dispositivos electrónicos a la interfaz, se podrá adecuar al sistema (interfaz-sensores) a un proceso biotecnológico en donde se requiera el uso de un fermentador y la necesidad de monitorear temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH, CO2, iluminación, agitación.
ABSTRACT The use of fermenters is common in various biotechnological processes. Currently, a fermenter or bioreactor can monitor physical and chemical variables which are displayed to the operator through a screen. In addition to the construction materials of a bioreactor, nowadays its acquisition is expensive and inaccessible for educational and research purposes. To address this problem, the Fermenta V1.0 interface was designed and developed to simulate a bioprocess performed by a fermenter, using a Nextion touch screen and Arduino UNO; for its programming, the appropriate integrated development environments were implemented. The interface was able to emulate different electronic devices such as sensors, solenoid valves, peristaltic pumps, lighting, and agitation. In this first stage, the starting point is established to facilitate the coupling of the Fermenta V1.0 interface with various sensors oriented to the monitoring of a fermenter. With the incorporation of the electronic devices to the interface, it will be possible to adapt the system (interface-sensors) to a biotechnological process where the use of a fermenter is required and the need to monitor temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, CO2, lighting, agitation.
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Apesar da ampla disponibilidade de dispositivos para leitura de tiras reativas para análise de urina, falhas potenciais persistem na rotina baseada na interpretação humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar o desempenho de um dispositivo baseado em Arduino para a leitura semi-automática de parâmetros de fitas reativas. O parâmetro glicose de um modelo de tira reativa comercial foi analisado pelo sistema, que prevê a concentração do analito submetendo a cor observada na tira a um modelo de regressão, ajustado a um banco de dados de padrões de cores. O sistema foi avaliado através da leitura de 80 tiras com 16 amostras de concentrações aleatórias de glicose. O menor coeficiente de variação após cinco leituras replicadas foi de 4,5% e o mais alto foi de 16,6% (MSE = 68,7 mg / dL; r = 0,979). O dispositivo apresentou resultados satisfatórios mais baixos custos. Para torná-lo útil na rotina laboratorial, seriam necessárias novas experiências com outros parâmetros e outras classes de tiras reativas para análise de urina.
Although many devices are available to read urinalysis reactive strips, potential failure, based on human interpretation, persists in routine tasks. Current study develops and evaluates the performance of an Arduino-based device for the semi-automated reading of reactive strip parameters. The glucose parameter of a commercial reactive strip model was analyzed by the system, which predicts analyte concentration by submitting the color observed in the strip to a regression model, adjusted to a database of color patterns. The system was assessed by reading of 80 strips with 16 samples of random glucose concentrations. The lowest coefficient of variation after five replicated readings was 4.5% and the highest was 16.6% (MSE=68.7 mg/dL; r=0.979). The device featured satisfactory results plus low costs. To make it useful in the laboratory routine, further experiments with other parameters and other classes of urinalysis reactive strips would be necessary.
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A project of control of a high voltage pulse generator based on Arduino and its peripheral pulse sensor and temperature sensor was proposed for cell irreversible electroporation (IRE) test. By programming Arduino board, the analog photoelectric signal and the partial voltage signal of thermistor collected by pulse and temperature sensors were converted into digital signal and temperature value. The threshold of ECG R wave (>550) and temperature threshold (<37 oC) was set as trigger condition to control an 800 W high voltage pulse generator to release a fixed period pulse. Human lung cancer cells cultured in vitro were used to test and verify, and cell staining was used to evaluate the perforation. The results showed that Arduino and its sensors were sensitive to trigger and feedback. When the high voltage pulse generator was controlled to release 100 pulses with the parameters of 600 V, 1 200 V/cm and 100 ms pulse width, more than 95% of the cells showed nonthermal irreversible electroporation.
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Humans , ElectroporationABSTRACT
Objective:To design an alarm system for patients'tumble based on a six-axes attitude sensor so as to monitor patients'tumble during they lied in bed of hospital or they acted in ward of hospital.Methods:The internet of things (IOT) platform with six-axes attitude sensor and Zigbee module which adopted the functions of measurement and calculation based on six-axes attitude sensor were used to compose automatic alarm system for patients'tumble in ward of hospital.Arduino was adopted as the development platform of hardware to obtain the sensors data that were worn on patients through the I2C trunk method.And through implemented preprocess and numerical value filtering for data to perform posture calculation.Results:This design has realized the recognition for patient's current position and the alarm in time for sudden event of tumble.It could assist clinical workers to achieve better care for patients.Conclusion:This design basically realizes the function of monitoring and alarm for the situation of patient's tumble, but there are some problems includes sporadic misjudgment and oversize wearing hardware.It is planned to improve the practicability of the system by improving the algorithm and hardware platform.
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This article briefly described the existing problems in talent training of TCM informatics, conducted discussion according to discipline personnel training practice teaching mode, proposed to introduce Arduino open-source hardware into TCM informatics teaching, try to carry out practice exploration for existing classroom and experiment teaching, and proposed relevant suggestions to promote learning interest of students and improve their application ability, with a purpose to further improve the practice teaching mode of TCM informatics, cultivate "TCM+informatics" compound and application talents to promote long-term development of this discipline.
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Objective To design a non-invasive non-contact physiological parameters monitoring system to realize physiological status real-time monitoring. Methods The system was developed with Arduino hardware and its integrated development environment,high-precision high-sensitivity GY-MCU90615 infrared thermometric module and Si1143 heart rate and blood oximeter module,which was composed of five parts of physiological parameters acquisition,development platform,COM port transmission, network transmission and data terminal. Results The desired requirements were met by continuous, non-invasive,non-contact and accurate monitoring of body temperature,oxygen saturation and heart rate.Conclusion The system gains advantages in design and convenience, and thus is worthy promoting for physiological parameters monitoring in the hospital,geracomium and home.
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Producing accurate pulsatile flow rates is essential for many in vitro experimental studies in biofluid dynamics research. A controller system was developed to control a flow loop to produce easily adjustable pulsatile flow rates with sufficient accuracy. An Arduino board is used as a micro-controller to control a pump to produce various pulsatile flow rates, and an open-source proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is developed for this purpose. Four non-trivial pulsatile waveforms were produced by the PID controller, as well as an iterative controller, and the performance of both controllers was evaluated. Both the PID and iterative controllers were able to successfully produce slowly-varying signals (single and multi-harmonic low frequency sine waves), but for high frequency signals where the flow has strong acceleration/deceleration (e.g. for physiological waveforms) the iterative controller exhibited significant undershoot. The comparison of PID and iterative controllers suggests that if the desired flow rate is a low frequency, simple waveform then the iterative controller is preferred due to simplicity of implementation. However, if the desired signal is rapidly changing and more complicated then the PID controller achieves better results. This system can be implemented in many flow loops due to its simplicity and low cost, and does not require a mathematical model of the system.
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Carotid Artery, Common , In Vitro Techniques , Models, Theoretical , Pulsatile FlowABSTRACT
There is often a need to access heart rate measuring system which provides accurate and quick readings of patients. This paper presents the design of simple heart rate measurement system based on Arduino board which displays and simultaneously transmitting the data to a smartphone via Bluetooth. Here the cardiac activity of the patient is acquired by a pulse sensor and the output of this sensor is transmitted using Bluetooth. By using this system unlike the conventional method, the doctor doesn't need to be present at the time of measuring the heart rate. The system takes the physical input from pulse sensor by placing the patients’ finger on the sensor and then the input is processed by Arduino to count the number of pulses and displaying the output in the smartphone using a Bluetooth application.
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ABSTRACT: Aeration is currently the most commonly used technique to improve the drying and storage of grain, depending on temperature and water content of the grain, as of the temperature and relative humidity of the outside air. In order to monitor temperature and humidity of the grain mass, it is possible to have a network of sensors in the cells of both internal and external storage. Use of artificial intelligence through Fuzzy theory, has been used since the 60s and enables their application on various forms. Thus, it is observed that the aeration of grain in function of representing a system of controlled environment can be studied in relation to the application of this theory. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an embedded Fuzzy control system based on the mathematical model of CRUZ et al. (2002) and applied to the Arduino platform, for decision support in aeration of grain. For this, an embedded Arduino system was developed, which received the environmental values of temperature and humidity to then be processed in a Fuzzy controller and return the output as a recommendation to control the aeration process rationally. Comparing the results obtained from the graph presented by LASSERAN (1981) it was observed that the system is effective.
RESUMO: A aeração é a técnica mais utilizada para melhorar a secagem e as condições de armazenamento de grãos, dependendo da temperatura e teor de água do grão, e da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar externo. O controle da aeração depende do monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade da massa de grãos, podendo-se utilizar uma rede de sensores nas células de armazenamento tanto interna como externamente. A utilização de inteligência artificial pela aplicação da teoria Fuzzy vem sendo utilizada desde a década de 60 e pode ser usada em diversos meios. Assim, observa-se que a aeração de grãos, por ser um sistema de ambiência controlada, pode ser objeto de estudo na aplicação dessa teoria. Diante disso, objetiva-se com este trabalho apresentar um sistema embarcado de controle Fuzzy, baseado no modelo matemático de CRUZ et al. (2002) e aplicados em plataforma Arduino, para suporte a decisão na aeração de grãos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um sistema embarcado em Arduino, o qual recebe os valores ambientais: temperatura e umidade para então processar em um controlador Fuzzy e retornar como saída uma recomendação de aeração para controlar o processo de forma racional. Comparando-se os resultados obtidos com o gráfico apresentado por LASSERAN (1981), observasse que o sistema é eficaz.
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La agricultura en El Salvador es una actividad que se desarrolla aplicando técnicas tradicionales con poco grado de ingeniería y de automatización por parte de los agricultores. En el país existen pocas empresas dedicadas a la producción de verduras y hortalizas por medio de sistemas de invernaderos automatizados o con cierto de grado de control. Los costos de instalación de estos sistemas automatizados representan una alta inversión para la mayoría de agricultores que desean entrar en la industrialización de sus cultivos y aumentar la productividad y calidad de sus cosechas para lograr exportar sus frutos. Es por eso que la Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE, en conjunto con la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura ENA, se encuentra trabajando en el diseño y montaje de un prototipo de sistema automatizado para invernaderos familiares de menor costo, que les permita a los agricultores mejorar su condición económica por medio de una producción más controlada y protegida.
Agriculture in El Salvador is an activity that is developed by applying traditional techniques with little degree of engineering and automation by farmers. with a certain degree of control. The installation costs of these automated systems represent a high investment for the majority of farmers who wish to enter into the industrialization of their crops and increase the productivity and quality of their crops in order to export their fruits. That is why the ITCA-FEPADE Specialized School in Engineering, in conjunction with the National School of Agriculture ENA, is working on the design and assembly of a prototype of an automated system for lower-cost family greenhouses, which allow farmers improve their economic condition through a more controlled and protected production.